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Currently, most operating systems use virtual memory, like the Windows family's “virtual memory”, or the Linux “swap space”.

However, in fact, virtual memory usually is divided into several physical memory fragments, and some of them are stored on the external disk storage which can be used to exchange data when needed. It makes the application think it has a contiguous and available storage space or address space. Virtual memory is a memory management technique that is implemented by using both hardware and software.